Hi everyone,<br>
<br>
I have not been involved in robocup for over a year, but feel I have something to offer to this conversation.<br>
<br>
>From what I have read there are several desires of SSL teams. The
desire I would like to talk about is the desire to move towards more
"real" soccer/football games... which have much more passing and
teamwork and less individual effort. I would also like to address
the concern that robots should need not be re-engineered and rebuilt
(at least in the short term, for '06).<br>
<br>
I have heard two main ideas for accomplishing the goal of encouraging better team play (e.g. passing) in the SSL.<br>
1. Larger field and/or smaller robots<br>
2. Energy budget or speed limits<br>
<br>
While I am a big fan of #1, I leave it to active teams to decide
whether it is reasonable to increase the field size. I would like
to address #2, which can be accomplished in the short term simply using
software, and without forcing teams to redesign robots. There are
two possible implementations that I can think of offhand:<br>
<br>
a) Set a cap on velocities, and possibly also a cap on
accelerations. This should be trivial for teams to implement into
their systems. Teams can continue to use their existing
robots. A "referee camera" could be set up on each field, and
track robot positions vs. time. This camera would exist for the
purpose of measuring robot velocities and accelerations, and checking
that they remain below legal limits. If a robot goes to fast,
play could halt and a yellow card could be issued or whatnot.<br>
<br>
b) Simulate an energy budget. A "referee camera" would be set up
similar to proposal (a), but more complex algoritms would be used to
track how much energy each team has used. Consider that the
referee camera can see every robot and the ball throughout the entire
game. From this, it can record location history (and also
calculate velocity and acceleration histories). Given the mass of
the robots and the ball (teams would be required to weigh-in before
each game), the energy required to achieve these accelerations can be
calculated. Friction could also be taken into consideration, but
this would have to be approximated with an emperical formula (e.g.
power = 0.2 * mass * sqrt(speed)). Of course, a better formula
could be derived that should closely match what really happens.
Finally, the ball speed could be calculated and similarly related to a
power function. However, the camera probably wouldn't be able to
see the ball at the speed that many teams fire at. Rotational
accelerations can be ignored - the energy required is almost always
insignificant.<br>
<br>
I would like to suggest that (a) is a simple short term method to
accomplish what many teams are asking for. Proposal (b) also does
the job, but is harder to implement. Both of these methods place
artificial energy limits, (b) being more accurate than (a). In
reality, these methods are inaccurate because they do not take into
account the efficiency of a given robot design. However, in the
short term I think it is the right thing to do. In the longer
term, teams can be expected to adhere to an actual battery energy limit
(and teams will have to face the inevitability of redesigning effecient
robots).<br>
<br>
Finally, I would like to point out that energy is not strictly the
quantity of interest. A small, thin and agile athlete needs less
energy than a large, muscular athlete to accomplish the same
tasks. However, both athletes can play a full soccer game at the
same intensity because the larger athlete has the capacity to produce
much more energy (and eat a lot more before the game). Therefore,
one might reason that if an energy budget is implemented, the energy
storage that a given robot can have should be a function of its mass
(albeit, probably not linear).<br>
<br>
Patrick Dingle<br>
Cornell Big Red '03 '04<br>
<br>